Journal: NPJ Science of Food

Article Title: From rosemary and coffee to bioactive nanovesicles: exploring new frontiers in food functional ingredients

doi: 10.1038/s41538-026-00723-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: pAMPK ( A ), GLUT 4 ( B ), and FASN ( C ) protein levels, and quantification of intracellular lipid accumulation ( D ) in C2C12 cells pretreated with RVs and CVs 39 × 106 vesicles/mL in oxidative stress-induced damage. The data points represent the averages ±SD of three independent experiments in duplicate. All datasets were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference ( p 0.05) between different treatments. Control: untreated cells. RVs rosemary-derived vesicles, CVs coffee-derived vesicles, pAMPK AMP-activated protein kinase, GLUT-4 glucose transporter, FASN fatty acid synthase. 7.8 × 10 6 vesicles/mL and 39 × 10 6 vesicles/mL correspond to 0.1 and 0.5 mg nanovesicles/mL.

Article Snippet: The antibody against Collagen Type I (Cat No. 66761-1-Ig) and Fatty Acis Synthase (FASN, Cat No. 10624-2-AP), COX2/Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cat No. 12375-1-AP) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) (Cat No. 66504-1-Ig) were from Proteintech.

Techniques: Control, Derivative Assay